Project paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project - Research Paper Example Diversity has also been observed to be beneficial at the level of management. This is because when a diverse board of members has, then the board of directors is able to come up with different solutions to a single problem and it is thus easy to choose the most appropriate solution to a particular problem. This enhances the decision making process unlike a situation where all the board members have the same mindset and come up with limited alternative solutions to a particular problem making decision making less effective. Communication is another aspect of management that has attracted a lot of attention lately. It has been recognized that communication within an organization and between the various stakeholders defines the overall organization success (Lott, 190). When dealing with a diverse workforce and diverse clientele, the message intended to be passed across is likely to be misinterpreted due to existence of different kinds of communication barriers. Poor communication often leads to misunderstanding and conflicts between people of different backgrounds. Managing diversity and ensuring good communication involves understanding the culture of the diverse groups of people. Overcoming barriers such as stereotyping and language barrier is an important step towards overcoming problems arising from poor communication when dealing with people from diverse backgrounds. United Airline is one of the largest Airlines in America. The company operates over 5 thousand flights across six continents daily. The airline serves people from different parts of the world that come from diverse cultural and social backgrounds. Although the company has previously received law suits for racial segregation, the company recently received an award for being among the leading companies in promoting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equality. The company has been named as among the best places to work in according to the Human rights campaign reports and has had a great rating

Strategic Human Resource Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Human Resource Management - Coursework Example Training is concerned with improving the current task force performance whereas development aims to build up and it increases competence level of employees for the better future performances. Q. 2 Hiring employees who need training is advantageous when the organisation need to maintain a particular knowledge and skills up to date for competitive purpose. Technology keeps on changing rapidly; thus it becomes beneficial to the company when they hire employees whom they need to train. This is vital because it will enable the business to create significant changes that will enable them to achieve a competitive advantage. However, it becomes advantageous to the company when they hire already trained employees because they already have significant work experience; thus this reduces costs of training, time and other resources of training unskilled employees. They also add knowledge to already existing organisation team and they are less costly to the company since training is costly and tim e consuming. Q. 3 The organization can determine in case its training is effective through employing effective evaluation criteria. Varied models have been developed in order to determine in case the training is effective; thus performance indicator is one of the models employed in determining the training effectiveness. Another criteria used is the dependent measure for operationalizing the effectiveness of training but there are other new approaches and models that have been proposed by researchers on evaluating the effectiveness of training (Arthur, Bennett, Edens and Bell, 2003). Kirkpatrick’s model is one of the new frameworks that attempt to reveal the effectiveness of training; thus this model takes into consideration four significant steps or criteria for determining the effectiveness of training. One of the steps is reaction criteria, which employs self report measures and another one is learning criteria, which measure the learning outcomes. Behavioral criteria also measure the actual work performance and it identifies the effect of t raining on actual performance. Lastly, results criteria and this determines in case the quality or productivity of the work has been improved. Q. 4 Behavioral methods are designed performance appraisal, which is based on rating the task performance of workforce depending on their behaviors. This is vital because it enables managers to determine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of working performance for employees. Behavioral method judges the actions of employees by using a rating scale to evaluate or measure their particular behaviors. On the other hand, personnel comparison method is used for measuring and comparing each labor force with others in a certain group. Personnel comparison is considered an effective and reliable method of performance appraisal in situations where only employee need to be promoted; thus it is vital for ranking an employee against others in a group on diverse factors until they fi nd the best employee. Q. 5 The performance appraisal refers to the technique employed by HR managers to assess the task performance of a workforce. It is purpose is to assess the task of workforce in regard to particular standards. It is employed in measuring work performance of employees in order to determine their strength and weaknesses. It is imperative because it helps managers to offer efficient training programs or remunerate workforce according to the task

Collaboration Between Architects And Artists Cultural Studies Essay

Collaboration Between Architects And Artists Cultural Studies Essay Architects and artists speak two different languages and think in different ways so what happens when they work together? Can an architect create a space that enhances and reveals the artwork designed within it? Can architects and artists collaborate together in one mission and produce an-art-piece-building? Can a building be artistically designed and at the same time able to function? The answer to the previous questions will definitely be yes. And numerous numbers of buildings and architectural projects prove that to be right. Art has become an approach that changed the practice of architecture forever. It has widened its possibilities and made it more open and able to communicate with humanity and the environment. This collaboration of the two different minds; architects mind and artists mind, can result with a product neither one could have achieved alone. Its a very common and big mistake to separate architecture from art, especially since that the history of architecture itself actually relates back to art school. Many people have forgotten that Michael Angelo, the Italian renaissance painter and sculptor, was the one who designed the Campidoglio in Rome back in the 16th century. Raphael Sanzio designed the Chigi Chapel of Villa Farnesina in the 16th century as well. And Villa Farnesina itself was designed by the Italian painter Baldassare Peruzzi. The history of architecture makes it clear to us that artists have long worked with architects to produce art for their buildings. It is like what once Dan Rice said There are three forms of visual art: Painting is art to look at, Sculpture is art you can walk around, and architecture is art you can walk through. Ever since the 19th century, during the Arts and Crafts movement when the modern age of architecture began, works of architecture started to possess some values of art in them. Architecture became institutionalized in the same schools that taught painting, sculpture and music. And in the early 20th century when the Bauhaus and De Stijl were the dominant styles of architecture the dialogue between architecture and art highly increased and it shifted towards a truly collaborative and integrated process. It is also important to mention that the Bauhaus movement was the beginning and the first start of the new modern approach we are living now. Therefore art carries a lot of influence in our architecture today whether you are aware of it or not. Some people find the matter puzzling. They start asking why we need this collaboration between architects and artists if architecture itself is a form of art. As a matter of fact architecture today is less of a form of art and more of a form of engineering. The past does categorize architecture under art but the present sadly does not. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It was not until the radically atomized academics of the late twentieth century that the confounding notion that art and architecture are categorically different professions was established. explained Kent Bloomer in his book The Nature of Ornament. Architecture and art share a lot of similarities. Architects create something out of nothing and so do artists. They both share the ability of transferring whats on their minds into existence. They both deal with the same lines, shapes and forms. And also they both deal with the same elements of nature; color, light, space and time. Besides that architecture and art have a very associated history. During baroque, rococo and renaissance works of art were highly influenced in architecture. Its almost impossible to find one church in those ages where its ceiling wasnt extravagantly painted or its windows very exceedingly sculptured. Works by Gerrit Reitvelds in the 20th century can be a very good example to show the similarities between architecture and art. His Schroder House is highly influenced by the artist Piet Mondrian from the same era. The composition of lines, the arrangement of forms and the abstraction in colors make the Schroder house look more like a huge sculpture rather t han a house or a building. All these similarities that architecture and art both share work as a strong communication system between them both and they strengthen their relationship. This collaboration is nothing but a relationship between these two disciplines. And by knowing all the similarities they have it is very likely for this relationship to be a successful one. Recently the collaborative work between architects and artist has grown successfully. This growth is very significant and it shows that architecture is developing itself. Today, architects are more able to accept the idea of integrating art with architecture than seventy years ago during the post modernism era. Respectable number of organizations has been established in the aim of having a truly integrated relation between architecture and art. In 1991 an organization called Art for Architecture was established and it was the first attempt to dismantle the wall that divides architects and artists. Art for Architecture became very successful and a lot of their projects became award-winners. In 2003, the Laban dance centre in Deptford, London, designed by architects Herzog de Meuron and artist Michael Craig Martin, won the Stirling Prize. Former artist Edi Rama was voted World Mayor in 2004 for transforming Tiranas buildings into art pieces that decorate the entire streets of the city. After all the trouble the Albanian capital was having, Rama decided to re-paint the citys buildings in a riotous array of pattern and color. That act did not only change the entire architecture of the city, but it also brought social transformation. The architecture of Tirana now has become public art that attracts a lot of artists and inspires them such as Olafur Eliasson, Liam Gillick and Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster whose work has become integrated in residential blocks and buildings and turned them into unique works of art. Working with artists acts as an eye-opener to the architects. It helps them to sharpen their thoughts and make them consider their position. Artists do not collaborate with architecture by simply designing a sculpture that can be placed at the entrance of a building or by a painting for the living room. Their involvement can be too fundamental and essential and be a part of the design of the building itself. Bruce McLean, the forerunner of a new generation of artists, with architect John Lyall designed the concourse and underground station at Tottenham Hale, London. McLean was so deeply involved in the project that he helped to come up with the concept. I want to be involved at the outset and not just as an add-on. explained McLean. At Tottenham Hale concourse, McLean and Lyall designed three separate pieces: a 16m-high lit beacon (the Tower of Time), a fountain (the Bridge of Signs) and paving (the Path of People). The idea was to give the people something fun to look at while waiti ng for buses or trains. Lyall saw this project to be a very successful collaboration between art and architecture. The way I feel about the best collaborations is that we start with a bank sheet of paper and work together in free form and what results is something which neither would have thought of separately. I like artists because they have a different eye and way of thinking he explained. McLean is now designing a new foreshore in Bridlington with architect Rayner Banham. The Collaboration between architects and artist does not have to be only for the purpose of making nice looking buildings. Architects Faulks Perry Culley and Rech and artist Martin Richman came up with a great environmental idea to produce electricity! They designed the new incinerator at Tyseley, Birmingham, which burns the waste of households and use the heat produced to generate electricity. Richmans involvement in the project caused a lot of fundamental changes in the architectural side of the project. He replaced the yellow cladding with red ones and he also used the light as an essential factor in the building. Martin introduced the idea of red to highlight the function of the building and its heat so we changed the yellow cladding to red. He also introduced areas of translucent and transparent cladding to show the internal lighting. Says Perry. After his success of collaborating with architects Pelly and Rech, Richman is now working on two other architectural projects. All the previous projects along with many other ones are living proofs that the collaboration and interrogation between architecture and art not only can actually happen, but when it does it results with a huge satisfaction to the architects, artist and also the public. Architect Perry confirmed that the people of Birmingham were very pleased with the outcome of his design with Richman. I havent heard anything from anywhere which is negative. Its all been favorable. And thats something of a first because we architects are used to getting kicked. Explains Perry. Therefore this collaboration promises us with more modern, developed architecture that can communicate with public and be understandable in a better way. It is often argued that art and architecture are totally incapable of meeting each other, especially since architecture deals with numbers, function and mathematics whereas art deals with imaginations, feelings, inspirations and it does not have any function. Nevertheless, this very dissimilarity between architecture and art is actually the reason behind this collaboration, since collaboration is all about differences. If architecture was able to meet art by itself without any interrogations then there would have been no need for this collaboration. But the recent past of architecture taught us that architecture becomes very dull and lifeless without art. Once, Frank Lloyd Wright said Art is the mother of architecture. Even if artists and architects see architecture in different eyes their compromise can be the result of something astonishing and new that no architect or artist alone could have come up with. Architects like to build a building that is slick, fixed and suitable. Artis ts are searching for more brute, independent and confronting approach, as art should be. Towards the end of the project Antoni and I had developed a level of telepathy Explained architect Steve Tompkins about his experience with artist Antoni Malinowski after designing London Community Centre. As a result of combining art with architecture, the latter becomes more human and alive. Art gives architecture the ability to combine beauty and logic in one thing at the same time. Without it architecture will be as boring as accounting. The future of architecture today dose not only lay on the hands of architects alone anymore. It now relies on architects and artists. It is their tasks both to promote architecture to a new level where architecture becomes more meaningful. The future of architecture relies on combining the conceptual approach of artists and the contextual approach of architects. With these two approaches architecture in the next few decades will be starting a new phase where function and art will finally come back together again after more than 70 years of separation.

Relationships :: essays research papers

QUALITY INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS A quality interpersonal relationship is a relationship which is built on understanding of self and others. A quality interpersonal relationship goes beyound just being casually aquainted with others to sharing with and gaining an understanding of one another. What I mean by sharing with is that you get a feeling for each other. I can empathize with you and see things through your eyes. When a quality interpersonal relationship is present there's certain amount of synergy that takes place between the persons involved in the relationship. A good example of a quality interpersonal relationship could be found within the strong family unit. If we were to study a family that is close knit what would we see. We would most likely see the following characteristics: individual respect, trust, open lines of communication, open mindedness, patience, empathy, love and many other attributes which add up to a strong interpersonal relationship. With in a strong family you find people that truely feel for each other. For example if Mom is sick the morale of the other family members goes down. If Dad gets a promotion the hold family shares the feelings of esteem with Dad. The point I'm trying to make is that in quality interpersonal relationship you will start to feel some of things that I feel which allows you to better understand me and communicate with me. Although a quality interpersonal relationship sounds like the best thing since Campbell soup and the Gerry-curl it's not a relationship that's easily achieved. To achieve a quality interpersonal relationship takes time, effort, desire, understanding, trust, disclosure, and feedback, effective communication, and etc. When we first meet a person we don't immediately establish an interpersonal relationship. As implied in the opening paragraphs, a quality interpersonal relationship goes for beyound conducting casual conversation. It takes time to build an interpersonal relationship. Why? People like to interact; however, they are protective of there feelings and don't immediately open up to let you inside to see who's live there. What I'm saying is to establish an interpersonal relationship with others you need to know things about them and get some perceptiion of how they interpret things. To get this type of understanding about another person takes time. A good example would be the development of a friendship. Think of your best friend. This is probably one of the most productive inpersonal relationships that exist for you.

Truman, Zhdanov, and the Origins of the Cold War

In the West our assumptions about the meaning of the term â€Å"democracy†have not really changed since Truman appealed to Congress for financial aid to assist the democratic government in Greece in 1945. We do not generally disagree that democracy involves â€Å"free institutions, representative government, free elections, guaranties of individual liberty† (Ransom Reader, 150), nor that people should be able to live their lives â€Å"free from coercion† ( ibid, 150). To see the Soviet counter-arguments is a revelation, and in many ways a surprise.Zhdanov’s argument in his â€Å"The Two Camp Policy† speech presents an entirely different view of the world, and of world history, and the assumptions in his account were certain to lead to the irresolvable conflicts which constituted the Cold War.Zhdanov argued that western policy from before the Second World War had always been corrupt and self-serving. The west supported Hitler for a long time because they saw him as â€Å"capable of inflicting a blow on the Soviet Union† (ibid, 158).America only joined the war â€Å"when the issue was already decided† (ibid, 159), thus saving herself casualties and significant loss. The United States, he implies, was driven only by self-interest, and no genuine desire to see freedom prevail in the world.The United States’ Policy after the war was dominated by the need of â€Å"the Wall Street bosses† (ibid, 159) to rebuild profits, and therefore to establish new markets. Foreign policy was therefore â€Å"expansionist and reactionary† (ibid, 159) in order to maintain â€Å"imperialist† influence to ensure markets for capitalist enterprises.Truman’s claim that the defence of the government in Greece was a moral matter, a humanitarian concern to protect â€Å"National integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes† (ibid, 150) was therefore bogus and dishonest.This meant a determination â€Å"to combat socialism and democracy and to support reactionary and antidemocratic profascist regimes and movements everywhere† (ibid, 160). The United States, Zhdanov claimed, was seeking to dominate the world for the sake of capitalist profit, and not for any genuine love of freedom.All true, but perhaps merge quotes a little bit, and in your own words interpret what point he is trying to get at. Why is this such a big deal for Zhdanov? What point is he trying to make about the US and their post-WWII plans? Thus Zhadanov’s notion of democracy begins to emerge.The western model he dismissed as â€Å"bourgeois pseudodemocracy† (ibid, 161). It is an error, he argued, that democracy is characterized by â€Å"a plurality of parties and †¦ an organized opposition† (ibid, 161).This belief involves a misunderstanding of history and of the nature of socialism. â€Å"Capitalists and landlords, antagonistic classes, a nd hence a plurality of parties, have long ceased to exist in the U. S. S. R. † (ibid, 161), and this is an inevitable development in a socialist state. The people are the state, he argued, and therefore the class conflicts which lead in western countries to differences of interests, simply will(did) not occur.The United States’ cynical claim to defend freedom was in fact a defence of â€Å"the bloody dictatorship of the fascist minority† (ibid, 161) over the people of Gerece and Turkey. America itself was marked by â€Å"national and racial oppression, the corruption and the unceremonious abrogation of democratic rights2 (ibid, 161), and the policy of the United States was to â€Å"create a bloc of states† which would be blackmailed into supporting the United States line through the use of economic power, and thus give up their own independence and freedom.What about the other aspect to Zhdanov’s definition of democracy? Particularly in how he dif ferentiates himself (and USSR) from what is wrong about the United States (what makes them un-democratci).According to Zhdanov, The west, and particularly capitalist America, was the enemy of all â€Å"anti-imperialist and democratic† (ibid, 160) nations. Truman’s arguments had at least the realism of moderation. â€Å"No government is perfect† (ibid, 149), he acknowledged, and certainly the newly democratic Greek government was not perfect.Zhdanov’s argument for the one-party system sounds either hopelessly idealistic, or utterly dishonest. The catastrophic purges of the 1930s and later make the claims about freedom very questionable, and suggest, according to Thomson, that â€Å"the nemesis of monolithic parties is self destruction, and the price of absolute power absolute corruption† (Thomson, 721).Stalin was determined to remove all opposition, and concentrated on destroying those who had held rank in the Communist party during the 20s and 30s, men like Zinoviev, Kamenev, Radek, Sokolnikov and Tukhashevsky.Thousand were arrested, in all walks of life, and many went to their deaths, or to long Siberian imprisonment. This hardly supports Zhdanov’s claim that opposition would simply not exist. < If you use this quote, you need to explain it a little further.What are the purges, and how do they negate Zhdanov’s notion of democracy? The Stalinist line, described here by Zhdanov, drove the world into forty years of dangerous confrontation, before the ultimate collapse of the system and its ideology.A corresponding paranoia in the west led to aggressive stand-offs in Europe, where large numbers of NATO troops were stationed in Germany; in the Middle East, where The Arab-Israeli conflict often took the form of war by proxy between east and west; and in South East Asia, where the Korean War and later the Vietnam War were caused partly by the United States’ neurosis about communism. The arming of the Mujahedin in Afghanistan in the 1980s was one of the last policy errors of the Cold War, and one of which we are now suffering some of the unforeseen results.How did the United States contribute to this conflict? Where are some areas in the world where we see this conflict occurring, between the United State’s notion of democaracy and the Soviet Union’s?Works CitedThomson, David. Europe Since Napoleon. Harmondsworth: Penguin, Revised Edition, 1966.Truman, Harry S. , â€Å"The Truman Doctrine† Twentieth Century Civilizations. Ohio: Thomson Custom Publishing, 2003. (3): 149-153.Zhdanov, Andrei A. , â€Å"Cultural Purge† Twentieth Century Civilizations. Ohio: Thomson Custom Publishing, 2003. (3): 159-163.

Crowd Safety in Sports Grounds Essay

Occupiers Liability Act (1957) is the fundamental act of spectator safety at sporting events. This act is that an occupier of a premises owes a common duty of care to their visitors. Occupier is in charge of premises. Visitor is some that is invited or permitted to be at the premises. Disabled visitors covered by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Cunningham v Reading FC 1992- stadium crumbling. Lump of concrete thrown by fans, hit police man on the head. Was foreseeable because of poor stadia. Reading found liable for negligence. Simms v Leigh RFC- rugby league player tackled but injured when he slid off pitch into concrete wall next to pitch. Club not liable because perimeter was regulated distance. Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975- covers all stadiums and all sports. It protects all spectators. Fire Safety and Safety of place of sport 1987- licenses from local authorities. Defines how many people in a stand. Because of Bradford fire (wooden stands) act made it so that stadia had to be made of fire proof material Football Spectator Act 1989- is about banning orders. If person commits offence can be banned from sporting events for a certain period of time. Sporting Events (Control of Alcohol) 1985- cannot be possession of alcohol at football matches or on a journey to match. Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994- section 60 -Police Powers regarding Public order. 166A Ticket Touting–Ticket touting illegal- cannot sell tickets in public places Football Offences Act 1991-only at football -cannot throw missiles or make racist or indecent chants JAN 28-2010- Craig Bellamy, attacked with bottles and coin. 2 men arrested for attack.