The Mouse Party Example

Essays on The Mouse Party Coursework The Mouse Party The Mouse Party Introduction The apparent of tiredness depicted by the mouse sitting on a couch in the interactive module made me select heroin. Statistics show that the total number of people using heroin worldwide is about 9.2 million (Heroin Statistics - Facts About Heroin Addiction, Use Death - Drug-Free World, n.d.)DiscussionMorphine, which is a natural extract of the poppy plant, is used to prepare heroin. After synthesization, the heroin drug appears as a brown or a white powdered substance (DrugFacts: Heroin, 2014). Upon entry into the brain, the heroin is reconverted back to morphine that binds itself to opioid receptors. The opioid receptors for pain and reward are the ones affected. The receptors control automatic life processes such as arousal and respiration. The overdose caused by heroin intake suppresses breathing. The result is a decrease in the supply of oxygen to the brain. The user then develops a condition known as hypoxia. Hypoxia causes neurolog ical and psychological effects and eventual brain damage. The behavioral changes observed include skin flushing, clouded mental functioning and euphoria. There are various ways of combating heroin addiction, which include self-help groups, preventive measures, medication and behavioral therapies (DrugFacts: Heroin, 2014). Vicodin, Methadone, Buprenorphine and OxyContin are some of the drugs which are medicated for heroin treatment. Some of the most effective behavioral therapy approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management. In the event, that both behavioral and medication methods have failed in helping a heroin addict, then rehabilitation becomes the next option.Conclusion Heroin is a very addictive substance to the user and as such, can be very costly. Since the purchase of heroin is very expensive, I prefer the preventive methods of combating cocaine addiction rather than the medication and behavioral therapies.Reference ListDrugFacts: Heroin. (2014, O ctober 1). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroinHeroin Statistics - Facts About Heroin Addiction, Use Death - Drug-Free World. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/heroin/international-statistics.htmlMouse Party. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2015, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/

Summary Of Back Pain And Pelvic Fracture Free Essays

Back pain is a common symptom which is usually traumatic and work related. It can either be of acute or chronic form and it mostly influenced by different psychosocial factors. There has been a lot of different clinical evidence indicating the effects of various therapies such as Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs usage and the use of Acupuncture. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Of Back Pain And Pelvic Fracture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The epidemiology of the back pain indicate that about 70% of adult will experience the symptoms in their lifetime, 25% consult the doctor while about 75% have back pain a year later even after consulting their doctors. Those psychosocial factors include compensation issues, marital problems and work dissatisfaction. Acute and chronic forms of back pain are usually difficult to distinguish and once distinguished, the management is quite different. Management of acute back pain can be classified into major and minor forms of management. The major focuses on advising the patient to stay active, cognitive behavioral therapies and the use of NSAIDs and muscle relaxants while the minor management includes Acupuncture, back schools and TENS. Management of chronic back pain entails exercise, management programs (the patient taught how to handle the psychosocial issues, sleep hygiene), analgesics and ligament injections. Acupuncture and manipulation can also be used to manage all the chronic form of back pain but the effectiveness is yet to be ascertained. The hallmarks of managing both acute and chronic form of back pain are basically alleviating the pain and keep the patient active. This is as a result of the recurrent episodes of the symptom which is seen in most back pain patients. The patient can be taught how to manage the exacerbation associated with the condition. In recent times there has been evidences supporting a combination therapy in managing the forms of back pain. The roles of Acupuncture are to reduce pain and increase the patient’s activity. The patients that need acupuncture have been found to be those with mechanical problems, nerve root irritation and the red flag groups. Patients that can’t tolerate NSAIDs, Warfarins and those that don’t need urgent hospital admission can also be managed with acupuncture. The use of acupuncture in the management of the chronic form of back pain is much difficult than it use in acute conditions. Timing and the type of acupuncture are major controversies surrounding the administration of acupuncture. These two factors are majorly influenced by the practitioner’s training and experience, patient’s tolerance to the available types of treatments and availability of appointment. Pelvic fracture is a type of bone fracture involving the bones that forms the boundaries of the pelvic cavity (Pelvis). It is commoner in the growing teens especially those involve in the contact sports and the elderly mostly as a result of the osteoporosis( causing a less dense bones). The fractures could be as a result of avulsion of muscle tendons during sudden contraction or falling astride. Some results from from impact sustained during vehicular accidents. The symptoms ranges from severe pain, swollen parts to bruises with most affected individuals trying to adjust their limb to prevent the pain aggravation. Excessive hemorrhage when occur can lead to shock. Patient with this form of fracture needs an emergency care. How to cite Summary Of Back Pain And Pelvic Fracture, Papers

Business Process Management Capabilities †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Process Management Capabilities. Answer: Introduction: The report is prepared for critically evaluating the process of business management strategy undertaken by IBM. For conducting the study on evaluation of such process, report incorporates discussion on process of innovation strategy, structure of organization, infrastructure and other business process such as funding model and product development cycle. IBM (International business machines Corporation) is the provider of services of professional solutions and consultant worldwide and is a manufacturer, developer and inventor of system of information technologies such as software, computer system, micro electronics and storage system. The success of company is attributable to software and the services offered account for half of the revenue (ibm.com 2018). Need of company to play a prominent role in innovative culture is established and however, there is always uncertainty attached to it. Analysis of the various process of business management of the organization is based on the case s tudy provided. Using the information from the case study, the analysis of risk faced by IBM and potential change management along with the performance evaluation process is conducted. Study on evaluation of IBM business is done into three parts incorporating need for innovation in company, improvement and business process design, performance evaluation process and risk issues and potential change management. All the above mentioned points are explained by conducting the critical analysis and identification of relevant points. Innovation at IBM is viewed as business model defined as use of current thinking and new ideas in a fundamentally different ways that can bring about considerable change in organization. The innovation strategy of company cannot be presented by one single person because of its complexities. Innovation helps in providing tangible value to business and it occurs at the intersection of technological invention and business insight. Innovation is approached by company across three interconnected dimensions such as process, products offerings and business model innovation (Kasemsap 2017). A set of sustaining enablers supports these three types of innovation. All such form of innovation is sustained and they are enabled by culture that stimulates, reward and value innovation. Marketing and offerings focus on finding out new ways for meeting the needs of stakeholders and customers. Business models on other hand involve development of new approaches for structuring and extending the enterpris e. Operations are driven by the need of changing outcome considerably for supporting the need to service, market and channel new product. The culture of innovation at organization is created by generation of idea, metrics and incentives, incubation and structure and technology and tools (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). For the future success of business, innovation is regarded as the key requirement and as per the research; the current focus is on innovation and it is required by executives of business to commit their time and energy to strategic innovation. Nevertheless, IBM faces some of major barriers while managing system, establishing climate and investment priorities to sustain and promote innovative actions and such barriers are related to people and internal culture. The outcome and efficiency of innovation process can be improved by integration of technology and business in areas of new product development and consumer insights areas (Alotaibi 2016). Organizational structure and design: Organizational structure is used by organization as strategic means for streamlining the development of products and its delivery in the market of information technology. Such characteristics enable company to align various aspects of business with vision and mission of company. The organizational structure of IBM is that of divisional product type and the main characteristics of this particular type of organizational structure involvement of business representation process in managing the production, development, sales and distribution of products. Corporate structure of IBM comprised of product type divisions, geographical divisions and function based segments. Innovation at IBM is enhanced by aligning the decision closer to employees and client interacting with them and shifting of the resources (Klun and Trkman 2017). Product type divisions- The core business offerings of IBM is the product type divisions in the structure of organization. This particular division incorporate global business services, cognitive solutions, global financing system and cloud platforms and technology services. Core business of firms incorporates this primary structure attribute aligning with the market and industrial transformation (Ilahi et al. 2016). Geographical based divisions- Despite regional differences in the market, the characteristics of corporate structure lies in effectively managing the global business. For example, organization has geographic division for addressing the market issues specific to Asia pacific region. Effective business management in the organization is facilitated by forming geographical division (Suriadi et al. 2014). Function based segments- The global business of information technology is supported by this characteristic of organizational structure of IBM. Providing organization with wide support for each divisions of product type is the main objective of this structural feature of structure. Innovation development at IBM is either co funded with other or it is funded internally. The process of internal funding consists of funding by corporate, business units and by cross enterprise transformation. There is a planning process of budget allocation and strategy setting for financially justifying the budget incorporated in the innovation process. An emerging business opportunity program is established by IBM for which the business unit is accountable for innovation. Business units are the primary source of funding for each of the emergency business opportunity and they are managed by EBO leaders, corporate strategy, operational and finance staffs. There are three funding mechanisms for the development of projects outside IBM incorporating co development with clients, co development with business partners and co development with universities. A certain percentage of funding is kept aside for riskier and adventurous projects and a strategy of exploratory budgets is maintained. Research and development at IBM is funded partly by the allocation of funds from business units and at the corporate level. All the research work that is done jointly is aligned strategically with products of next generation that are managed and funded jointly. Allocation of funding from all business units is done to the enterprise level if the management of innovation is done by the cross enterprise transformation enterprise. Business integration and transformation: The on demand business at IBM is defined as transformation process across enterprise and process. This will help in integration of new process and application inside the business among the distributors and suppliers at the end of business. Focusing on the business transformation is one of the main challenges faced by demand model. A management system has been implemented for driving enterprise wide transformation and leverage creation to drive such change. It includes system of governance model, reinvestment cycle and measurement system. On demand transformation of IBM has led to be a more responsive, focused, resilient that has resulted in better and faster innovation. The fundamental factor for transformation at IBM is technology that has helped company in moving aggressively and helping enterprise in improving their financial performance and channelizing funds for further transformation (Woitsch and Utz 2015). For the internal business transformation project, the innovative idea c onsidered for overall process of portfolio management is making considerable investments in supply chain projects. Horizontal integration of overall process of supply chain is enabled by supply chain transformation and this involved client requirement execution and customer facing process all the way through internal process (Vera-Baquero et al. 2015). Such transformation involved changes in climatic initiatives, change in organizational structure, incorporation of end to end cycle time measurements and process alignment activities. The integration of business process of organization involves back end integration, rules driven transformation, brokering and message transformation. IBM in association with leading network providers of industry works for the developmental of transformational solutions for supporting integrated business communications. Transformation is achieved from the opportunity provided by the solutions of integrated business communications. The global technology outlook helps in driving innovation strategy of information technology. Technical strategy is influenced by such strategy by ensuring that the main focus of company is on opportunities leading to new growth. Global technological outlook helps in highlighting emerging trends in hardware, software and service technology in next three to seven years that have considerable impact on information technology. One of the critical steps enabling innovation is adoption of on demand business model that leads to transformation across the enterprise and process. Currently, IBM is facing the challenge of moving into the demand model into three dimensions that is focusing on IT enablement, business transformation and cultural change. The culture of organization is witnessing some significant changes when IBM felt the need to nurture for encouraging the collaborative behaviour for transformation on demand theory (Vom Brocke et al. 2014). Primary behaviour of an on demand busine ss is understood by the consulting services of IBM behaviour and therefore, the main focus of business is to focus on collaboration for driving innovation. The strategic decision of organization comprises of open innovation and close innovation. Open innovation is a deliberate practice and strategic choice that applies, identified and attempts to incorporate both external and internal ideas into the new services and products portfolio. It helps in external ideas flowing freely out and into the organization. Closed innovation on other hand places a strong emphasis on using of ideas and identification solely from internal sources that are brought into the market with strict control. Leadership team and key stakeholders: Strategic innovation at IBM involves making bold movement towards for innovating, demonstrating new type of leadership. Innovation at IBM is found to be more open, collaborative and global in nature and this has been enabled by technology such as internet, broadband and wireless technologies. An essential aspect of management of business process is the way they are managed. A business process and designs are said to be managed when the process owners and stakeholders have the ability of modifying and visibility into the process for producing better outcomes of business (Www-935.ibm.com 2018). The former chairman of company pushed IBM to interact more with the external world and be less blinkered. Current chairman encouraged the company to look around the constituencies and nature of relationship for identifying how the company can influence both the parties in a beneficial way. The people working in the laboratories have been pushed towards analyzing the real life example and all the problems are looked from practical view point. Since 1995, IBM has the major program of working with the key stakeholders and clients incorporated in their innovation strategy known as first of a kind (Bisogno et al. 2016). Such projects help in creating collaborative relationship between IBM scientists in the market place and leading age clients enabling them to become early adopters of innovative technology. Application of such project is done on other clients if the project is successful. The success of project is dependent upon the benefits that are attributable to clients as well as orga nization. A product development process is used by IBM for the development of product to create creative ideas into specific projects. Investment review board helps in funding of such projects and portfolio of services, products and solution that enter the pipeline development. Market planning helps in validation by ensuring viability and market demand. Development of idea is done by assigning a project team by making the assumption that idea passes the phase of concepts. The process of annual strategy is defined by the opportunities for providing information that will help in creating differentiation of the solutions, services and products of IBM. Input derived from global technology outlook helps in identification of business, key technology, societal trends and translation of them into research imperatives for the corporation. Direction of strategy is defined within the research organizations with the primary focus of projects based on the providing differentiation for the next generation s ervices, products and solution of IBM (Lohmann and Zur Muehlen 2015). Technology role in innovation: IBM effort lies in reinvesting itself as technology and increasing client demand, technology and engineering services organization was created. A unique business model was created by IBM by leveraging existing research and development talent and intellectual property for developing leading edge technologies with the customers in a collaborative way. Technology has played a very prominent role in development of innovation strategy. The componential, standardized and commoditized information technology has led to development of business model supporting innovation that helps in selling of integrated solutions rather than components. Innovation efforts at IBM are enabled by three technologies that are Jams, intranet and Think place. Transformation at IBM is fundamentally driven by technological development and this has made company to move aggressively for leveraging information technology for building more agility and responsiveness into the enterprise (Bolsinger 2015). The jam technological platform created by IBM made use of corporate intranet for collecting the information about innovation from all employees. Innovative solutions have been developed by the creation of such tool that has technology running in the background that aggregates feedback by themes. Such tool has helped organization in adoption of several new ideas that are being implemented currently. It is believed by IBM that then interplay among the constituencies of workplace helps in creating successful innovation. The innovation strategy at company is supported by internal alignment by realizing the need of strengthening its technological innovation with business insight capabilities and consulting by way of integration of research and development (Lehmann 2016). Project management and project selection: IBM has developed supportive project management enablers for achieving competence in project management at globally. There are five areas of concentration that drives transformation strategy of project management. Such areas involve employing one approach of consistent project management delivery across IBM. Across all the significant projects, qualified project managers are assigned and business executives and project managers are held accountable for the projects. In addition to this, there is employment of consistent project performance metrics and measurements for accounting the success of project. The applied community efforts helps in nurturing and development of vibrant and community of project management. Such effort involves teaching classes of project management, mentoring other project managers, assurance activities and performing assessment of projects. The selection of project at IBM varies depending on the research area and idea of project development. A product development process is used by IBM for product development that helps in converting creative ideas into specific projects. The services, products and solution provided by IBM are differentiated by the process of annual strategy that helps in defining opportunities for innovation. The resulting strategy developed by global technology outlook helps in the development of definition and selection of project. Selection of project is done by reviewing strategist and sub strategist who are entitled to enable the publication of project description and strategic messages with the help of database system (Yang et al. 2015). The post launch performance evaluation is done at the end of life decision checkpoint in the process of integrated product development. An investment board of IBM helps in management of allocation of investment with the help of key business unit leaders. Investment made by organization is aligned with strategic priorities, innovation and market opportunity. Several sources are responsible for managing the funding of managing innovation by research organization. The total investment cost is minimized using an investment funding model by enterprise and hence overall success of project is dependent upon the selection of right client (Modarres 2016). There are various practical set of criteria for selection and reviewing of investment projects and such criteria includes market planning, content reach and range, strategic fit, deliverables, innovation and route to market. The idea where the biggest investment opportunities lie helps in evaluation of investment by prioritizing its developm ent and aligning it with the strategic intent of organization. Project management capability helps in balancing the offerings of portfolio that enable IBM to make investment in emerging opportunities and current products (Monczka et al. 2015). Method and metrics of performance management: The process of performance management consists of cycle of tasks through monitoring of the system, planning, setting the baseline and performance data collection. Analysis of data is done for deciding on the existence of problems, discovering them and removing root cause of problems. The team of integrated portfolio management are required to report the metrics on quarterly basis to the corporate organization and such metrics involves development expense for abandoned projects and investment efficiency. Some other metrics that the team commonly tracks involve support cost, customer service, customer satisfaction, pipeline loading, and portfolio newness and decision checkpoint management. One of the areas of innovation is incentives and metrics that recognize and reward innovation (Davenport 2015). There are specific objectives and metrics that are intentionally and occasionally sacrificed for the benefit of wider goal of IBM. Moreover, teams of product development are required to make reporting of first to market and time to market metrics to corporate on quarterly basis. A number of additional measurements are also tracked by the system of performance management such as time to profit, new technology, and defects reported by customers, contract integrity, and ch anges after general availability, cycle time by phase and spending by phases. The integrated framework of performance management incorporates the use of information technology balanced scorecard and it helps in cascading objectives from boar to staffs. Four perspectives that involves customer, finance, internal process and learning and growth are broken and cascaded down using the scorecard. However, it is required by such information technology embedded balanced scorecard to reflect the way strategic service and commodity is viewed by the business. The implemented scorecard should be able to establish a balance set of measures for determining information technology effectiveness. Moreover, the operational plans of organization should be linked to objectives of IT. There should be a continuous process for negotiating the value of business. The performance management system of human resources should be linked with the objectives and performance criteria of IT (Scuotto et al. 2016). Balance scorecard method: Balanced scorecard is a strategic approach used by organization for defining enterprise success from the perspectives of customers, stakeholder and employees. A balanced scorecard method is used by IBM research for measuring innovation and performance. The overall success of project is evaluated by the combination measures used in the balanced scorecard and it does not comprise of any special measure of innovation. Outcome of research of business organization is assessed by using quantitative and quantitative measures incorporated in the balanced scorecard. For tracking and measuring the impact of product innovation at IBM, balanced scorecard is used. Usage of appropriate measurements varies from one business unit to another and all the measurements of the balances scorecard is looked as a balanced scorecard (Takahashi et al. 2015). It is required by measurement of balanced scorecard to answer questions such as how the customers view the business, is the business continuing to learn, innovate, create value and make improvement, how the business appear to shareholders and what must be done by business unit to excel. The performance of product and service performance post it is launched in the market is measured by product development (Brunnert and Krcmar 2017). However, there are some challenges experienced by organization while developing scorecard such as addressing of behavioural and cultural change, process creation for managing, analyzing, designing and reporting the metrics and ensuring all the technical aspects of quality and collection of data. Product development at IBM involves multiple functions ranging from portfolio management, requirements, development and design, suppliers management, sales and distribution and marketing. There are several design partners along with all such factors are integrated for ensuring reduced time to market and highest quality of product with lowest cost. The management of product life cycle comes with unique challenge due to complexities in product configuration that is considered essential for meeting the requirement and safety of customers and complying with the regulations. The product development integrated framework of IBM helps in managing the complexities associated with the product development cycle (Harmon 2015). Software development cycle at IBM: The software solutions of IBM for delivering enduring quality helps in balancing of conflict need of business throughout the development of software life cycle. It helps in maintaining the functionality, performance and reliability of products and application performance in production and development. Quality becomes a shared responsibility using a life cycle approach for quality management. Using this particular approach, organization can exceed the expectations of customer by minimizing the risks, cost associated with system delivery and complex software and accelerating time to market (peoplematters.in 2016). Each strategy in the software development cycle is implemented with the right information, processes and tooling that helps in producing return on investment and measurable improvement. The fundamental element of delivery activities and software development is fundamental quality management. Solutions of quality management help in optimizing the quality of software across several discipline of delivery life cycle of software (Dijkman et al. 2016). The time taken for the development of new product from phase one till launching varies by the type of products. It might be three to five years for development of new micro processor, for the development of software, the time taken might be six months to one year and for services, total time taken might be few months. The life cycle of the product development is dependent upon the risks taken because the company will be more vigilant if there is more at stake (Zhu et al. 2015). For different types of offerings, it is not possible for company to apply one fit approach. It is for this reason development of product control is decentralized closer to customers. The approach used by IBM to deal with the failures and its applicability to innovation is dependent upon the part of involvement of company. Areas where the objectives of business are not met and have resulted in failures are tackled with the application of consistent approach to highlight, recognize and drive corrective actions. Corrective actions involve use of innovation approach and the term acceptable failure is not used supply chain executives of IBM (Schulte et al. 2015). At IBM, there is no stated metric of failure rate; however, failure is expected on few proportions of projects that are risky. Some of the innovation activities might fail to early that is not even known to the market or they may fail because they cannot align with the established channels of organization. In order to continuously drive innovation at market place, IBM take efforts on constant basis for improving methods driving innovation such as emergency business opportunity program. Any fear associated with embracing innovation should be stamped out by creation of culture that deals with risk and eradicate the stigma related with failure. IBM should set the stage for creation of more innovative culture incorporating three steps. Such steps involves exhibition of strong support for value extraction from bio diversity and easing the failure fear and case for generating change should be build. Failures related to innovation should be turned into case studies by using them in learning activities that are structured (Inspireone.in 2018). Any earlier failure should be casted as part of growth continuum and innovator should be celebrated and rewarded for getting it right for second time. Furthermore, leaders at IBM should communicate the strategic context for the initiation of innovation in a relentless way so that they are able to tolerate failure in a smart way and leveraging diversity by designing the right programs. Critical success factors: Critical success factors have strong association with strategic goals, mission and objectives of business of IBM. At the core, the creation of critical success factor is to ensure that return on investment that is supported through business case are realized and it is capable of achieving the performance needed to support the business. The major critical success factor at IBM is building a culture that rewards and recognizes innovative thinking. Key success factor for innovating sustaining and encouraging innovation at IBM is collaborative innovation. It is believed by company that the economic growth can be maintained and improved through collaboration as it is considered as central point for enhancing competitiveness across broader industries (Zheltonogov et al. 2015). Furthermore, propriety innovation and collaborative innovation are considered effective but propriety innovation cannot be replaced by collaborative innovation. They both will coexist within the organization as they are regarded as important innovation model. Collaborative efforts are required for resolving some monumental problems as the expense and scale for solving such problems cannot be done by individual enterprise or people. In order to ensure successful execution of initiatives, multiple collaborative initiatives are undertaken by IBM by extending capacity and collaborative through the collaboration partners. The collaboration trend of organization is in relatively early stage development stage and is regarded as critical factor in enduring success achievement (Kirchmer 2017). It is recognized that an important part of innovation is getting people positioned to innovate by way of collaboration. Enabler and barriers of innovation: The supply chain area of IBM faces greatest single barrier to innovation is aspect of challenge pertaining to time management (McCormack and Johnson 2016). It is so because there is a need to sacrifice working on innovation projects and generation of longer term innovation as felt by employee and team due to requirement of daily operational job. Innovation at IBM was hindered by six root causes and this resulted in missing opportunities that is identified through breakthrough of new ventures. It has been found from the analysis of case study that the organization is pre occupied with existing offerings and markets that are served currently. The management system of IBM rewarded execution that is directed for short term and enough value was not placed on building strategic business (P and Zheltonogov 2015). Many venture that IBM entered into failed after execution once it was selected. For embryonic market, the approach used by IBM for accessing and gathering market insights was not a dequate. Moreover, the main emphasis of the business model was to make an improvement in earnings per share and generating sustained profits. However, no emphasis was placed on taking actions that helps in driving higher price to earnings ratio. For experimentation, selection, termination and funding of new growth business, there was no established discipline within IBM (Roucoules et al. 2016). The main concern of CEO of organization is that ability of supporting and innovating people has the possibility of effectively derailing the focus on innovation by corporation. This is regarded as critical issue by the senior executive of organization. Lessons leant and path of future: It has been learnt by IBM that innovation is more than technology, as it also involves transformation of business, work life balance, education and protection of environment. CEO o organization has cited climate and unsupportive culture of organization as the top barrier to innovation. It is required by organization in future to make improvement in climate and culture of organization and conducting regular detailed analysis for creating better understanding on part of organization to mobilize their important assets such as customer, people and suppliers for innovating the business environment more effectively. The question that is currently imposed on IBM is related to hiring of personnel with productivity background and cost reduction and driving the organization in a more focused and resulting growth of revenue. On the journey of innovation, organization should conduct in depth analysis of the market by interacting with many people for gaining additional information so that they ca n sustain their developed innovation strategy (Metzger et al. 2015). Moreover, for sustaining and maintaining the innovation strategy, it is essential for IBM to hire diverse, smart and innovative people and fostering culture driving innovation. In addition to this, it is learnt by the management of IBM that understanding the informal network in a better way would help company to avoid some common problems inhibiting innovation. The cross functional teams at IBM should create time limits and time charter for generation of required deliverables that would motivate both practicality and creativity. Organizational network can be sparked with creativity and enhanced by building diversified team of relevant stakeholders of company. It is believed by top business leaders that in the twenty first century, the key to business survival that innovation should be more collaborative, open, global and multidisciplinary. Creation of innovative friendly organizational culture and working climate is very essential for leadership teams and CEO of organization (Rahimi et al. 2016). Therefore, innovation at IBM should be done using different approaches along with consideration of some pre requisites to sustain the developed innovation strategy and avoid its failure. Conclusion: The above report is prepared by analysing the relevant factors and points given in the case study. Evaluation of the given case on IBM regarding various perspectives has generated learning with respect to emerging business essentials. It has been ascertained that although the product excellence is valued by IBM, the game changing discoveries that opens up new capability and spheres of innovation is valued by organization. Some of the takeaways from the analysis of the given case that can be further use to improve the management process have been ascertained. It involves creation of an internal capability of partnership management, establish boundaries and develop relationships. The innovative teams at work should be infused with diversity. For debating and initiating ideas that are vital to the innovative projects, organization should create diversified tactical teams and thereby driving the corporate strategy. Therefore, it is recommended to IBM to incorporate such recommendations g enerated through learning from failures and incorporating the same in future development of innovative projects. References list: Alotaibi, Y., 2016. Business process modelling challenges and solutions: a literature review.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,27(4), pp.701-72 Bisogno, S., Calabrese, A., Gastaldi, M. and Levialdi Ghiron, N., 2016. Combining modelling and simulation approaches: How to measure performance of business processes.Business Process Management Journal,22(1), pp.56-74. Bolsinger, M., 2015. Bringing value-based business process management to the operational process level.Information Systems and e-Business Management,13(2), pp.355-398. Brunnert, A. and Krcmar, H., 2017. Continuous performance evaluation and capacity planning using resource profiles for enterprise applications.Journal of Systems and Software,123, pp.239-262. Davenport, T.H., 2015. Process management for knowledge work. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 17-35). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Dijkman, R., Vanderfeesten, I. and Reijers, H.A., 2016. Business process architectures: overview, comparison and framework.Enterprise Information Systems,10(2), pp.129-158. Harmon, P., 2015. The scope and evolution of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 37-80). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. IBM IT infrastructure. (2018).Building for future innovation with IBM IT Infrastructure for open technologies.. [online] Available at: https://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/us-en/open-innovation/ [Accessed 17 Apr. 2018]. Ilahi, L., Martinho, R., Ghannouchi, S.A., Domingos, D. and Rijo, R., 2016, June. 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Business process managementat the crossroads.Business Process Management Journal, (just-accepted), pp.00-00. Lehmann, C.F., 2016.Strategy and business process management: Techniques for improving execution, adaptability, and consistency. Auerbach Publications. Lohmann, P. and Zur Muehlen, M., 2015, August. Business process management skills and roles: an investigation of the demand and supply side of BPM professionals. InInternational Conference on Business Process Management(pp. 317-332). Springer, Cham. McCormack, K.P. and Johnson, W.C., 2016.Supply chain networks and business process orientation: advanced strategies and best practices. CRC Press. Mendling, J., Weber, I., Aalst, W.V.D., Brocke, J.V., Cabanillas, C., Daniel, F., Debois, S., Ciccio, C.D., Dumas, M., Dustdar, S. and Gal, A., 2018. Blockchains for business process management-challenges and opportunities.ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS),9(1), p.4. Metzger, A., Leitner, P., Ivanovi?, D., Schmieders, E., Franklin, R., Carro, M., Dustdar, S. and Pohl, K., 2015. Comparing and combining predictive business process monitoring techniques.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems,45(2), pp.276-290. Modarres, M., 2016.Risk analysis in engineering: techniques, tools, and trends. CRC press. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. P., Wood, J.K. and Zheltonogov, V., 2015.Business process management design guide: Using IBM business process manager. IBM Redbooks. Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S. and Galletta, D.F., 2016.Managing and Using Information Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley Sons. Peoplematters.in. (2018).People Matters - Interstitial Site. 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Internet of Things: Applications and challenges in smart cities: a case study of IBM smart city projects.Business Process Management Journal,22(2), pp.357-367. Suriadi, S., Wei, B., Winkelmann, A., ter Hofstede, A.H., Adams, M., Conforti, R., Fidge, C., La Rosa, M., Ouyang, C., Rosemann, M. and Pika, A., 2014. Current research in risk-aware business process management: overview, comparison, and gap analysis.Communications of the Association for Information Systems,34(1), pp.933-984. Takahashi, N., Tanaka, H. and Kawamura, R., 2015, March. Analysis of process assignment in multi-tier mobile cloud computing and application to edge accelerated web browsing. InMobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (MobileCloud), 2015 3rd IEEE International Conference on(pp. 233-234). IEEE. Vera-Baquero, A., Colomo Palacios, R., Stantchev, V. and Molloy, O., 2015. Leveraging big-data for business process analytics.The Learning Organization,22(4), pp.215-228. 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Leadership Theories Essay Example Essay Example

Leadership Theories Essay Example Paper Leadership Theories Essay Introduction Introduction Numerous studies have been conducted on leadership styles and theories, leading to an abundance of information on the topic. This paper will identify leadership styles and theories that the author has experienced in the maintenance field. Given the leadership styles identified, the author has identified one leadership theory that has influenced their leadership style for an ongoing project that they are currently working on. The study of leadership has identified many different styles exhibited by leaders. Leaders may be of predominantly a single style or may demonstrate the use of different styles depending on the environment that they find themselves in. Goleman (2000) has identified six styles which have been summarised below, however the descriptions of each style may be known by other titles according to different authors. Coercive – ‘Do as I tell you’. Demands that people follow the instructions given to them and leaves no room for their input o r initiative. Rules from the top down. Can make people feel devalued and so resentful that they feel no compulsion to help the leader or business. It can however be used in times of crisis, during a turnaround and to deal with problematic employees, however it should ceased to be used when then issue is dealt with. Authoritative – ‘Come with me’. Authoritative leaders build a vision and inspire people to achieve the vision. Establishes a clear vision and encourages everyone to achieve the vision with true enthusiasm. They motivate people by demonstrating to them how their work fits into the larger vision of the organisation, and generally offers people the freedom to develop their own methods to achieve the stated vision. Leadership Theories Essay Body Paragraphs Affiliative – ‘People come first’. The Affiliative leader has a caring, nurturing approach building strong emotional bonds with people to develop fierce loyalty among people. They provide the freedom for people to choose the most effective way to do their work. Affiliative leaders offer positive feedback to personnel providing a sense of recognition and reward for work well done which in turn generates motivation and a sense of belonging among personnel. Democratic – ‘What do you think? ’. By listening to other people’s ideas and getting their buy-in, the democratic leader seeks consensus among personnel in how the work is to be done to achieve their goals and in setting the goals. This leadership method can create high morale and flexibility within a workforce due to personnel having a say in what is happening. Leaders can use this method to put off decision making or gain input from personnel to make decisions, however there is a risk that if a consensus cannot be reached on issues, many meetings may soon start to occur where decisions are not made, and more meetings are required. It is also a style not recommended when personnel are not competent or well enough informed to be able to make sound decisions. Pacesetting – ‘Do as I do, now’. The pace setting leader sets extremely high performance standards and then exemplifies them himself, expecting the others around him to do the same. If used inappropriately, it will negatively affect the work climate by the pacesetter overwhelming employees with their demands for excellence by making them feel as though they cannot be trusted to do their work. Initiative, flexibility and responsibility among personnel will also diminish. This approach however may work well with a group of like minded, competent personnel who have a set goal or project to complete. Coaching – ‘Try this’. By helping personnel to identify their strengths and weaknesses, the coaching leader helps to determine long term development goals and formulate an action plan to attain those goals. Coaching leaders are prepared to assign challenging tasks to personnel and accept the risk of short term failure if it furthers long term learning. Paradoxically, coaching primarily focuses on personal development rather than the immediate work related tasks, however coaching reinforces many factors that drive work climate – constant dialogue, constant and constructive feedback, clear expectations, responsibility, flexibility and commitment all of which have a positive effect on business performance. Although Goleman (2000, p. 87) identifies 6 individual leadership styles, he also goes on to state: Leaders who have mastered four or more – especially the authoritative, democratic, affiliative, and coaching styles – have the very best climate and performance. And the most effective leaders switch flexibility among the leadership styles as needed. Other leadership styles and theories include: Charismatic – According to Fatt (2000), â€Å"the charismatic leader is a visionary, specifically, having a vision of extraordinary goals and the ability to motivate those around him or her to achieve that vision†. The charismatic leader is able to express the vision, both in terms of communicating the vision and through their personal behaviour to realise the vision, explain the vision to others capturing both benefits to the business and the individual, extend the vision throughout the organisation and expand the vision in different ways and circumstances addressing whatever is required to achieve the vision. Charisma is often conferred by followers onto the leader, creating loyalty to the leader. The climate created by the leader is liable to change when the charismatic leader is removed or the situation changes and the need for a charismatic leader is no longer there. Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) â₠¬â€œ SLT suggests that leaders demonstrate a combination of both task and relationship orientated behaviours in various ratios when dealing with their subordinates depending on the maturity (ability and willingness) of the subordinate to able to complete the task. Blank et al (1990) suggest â€Å"subordinate â€Å"maturity† as the key situational characteristic that is said to moderate the relationship between leader behaviour (task and relationship) and leader effectiveness (Hersey Blanchard, 1969, 1982)†. It can be said then that as a workers maturity grows, their relationship with their leader will also change in terms of the leader demonstrating more relationship based behaviour and less task orientated behaviours. Path Goal Theory (PGT) – â€Å"The theory states that the main goal of the leader is to help subordinates attain the subordinates’ goals effectively, and to provide them with the necessary direction and support to achieve their own goals as well as those of the company. † Silverthorne (2001). In trying to achieve this, the leader needs to be adept in adopting directive, supportive, participative and achievement-orientated behaviours where necessary in order to assist the worker in achieving their goals. The leadership behaviour required will be decided by the nature of the task and the needs of the workers who have been set the task. Transactional – Transactional leadership involves the setting of tasks or goals and the provision of recognition or rewards for achieving the desired results. Bass et al. (2003), further this by stating â€Å"Exhibiting transactional leadership meant that followers agreed with, accepted, or complied with the leader in exchange for praise, rewards and resources or the avoidance of disciplinary action†. This includes a behaviour known as active management by exception whereas the leader specifies the standards for compliance, what will be deemed as non-conformance, and often details consequences of non-conformance. Transformational – â€Å"Transformational leadership refers to a leadership style in which leaders possess charisma and provide intellectual stimulation, individualised consideration and inspirational motivation to followers† Beugre et al. (2006). By clearly defining the organisations goals and objectives to workers, the transformational leader then inspires and motivates workers to achieve, beyond the task – reward behaviours exhibited by transactional leaders, the goals and objectives of the organisation. Transformational leadership is an effective style when an organisation needs to encompass change as transformational leaders identify new ways of working, seek opportunities and effective resolutions to problems rather than efficient solutions. Leadership styles can be many and varied or a leader can sometimes exhibit a dominant style. Generally throughout the research the author has conducted, the more styles a leader is competent in, the more likely they are to achieve the results they are after. The leadership style adopted by a leader in a given situation can have a large affect on the work climate and consequently, aid or inhibit them from achieving their objectives and goals. References Bass, B, Avolio, B, Jung, D, Berson, Y 2003, ‘Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership’, Journal of Applied Psycology, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 207-218 Beugre, C, Acar, W, Braun, W 2006, ‘Transformational leadership in organisations: an environment-induced model’, International Journal of Manpower, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 52-62 Blank, W, Weitzel, J, Green, S 1990, ‘A test of situational leadership theory’, Personnel Psychology, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 579-597 Fatt, J 2000, ‘Charismatic leadership’, Equal Opportunities International, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 24-28 Goleman, D 2000, ‘Leadership that gets results’, Harvard Business Review, March-April, pp. 78-90 Sagie, A, Koslowsky, M 1994, ‘Organisational attitudes and behaviours as a function of participation in strategic and tactical change decisions: an application of path-goal theory’, Journal of Organisational Behaviour, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 37-47 Silverthorne, C 2001, ‘A test of the path-goal leadership theory in Taiwan’, Leadership Organisational Development Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 151-158 We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theories Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theories Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theories Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Etiquettes of Writing a Wedding Announcement Card Essay Example

Etiquettes of Writing a Wedding Announcement Card Essay Example Etiquettes of Writing a Wedding Announcement Card Essay Etiquettes of Writing a Wedding Announcement Card Essay Wedding announcement cards are one of the many other types of occasional cards that are sent from or to the bride and groom for instance, invitation card, best wishes card, thank you card or a congratulations card. Although many people, in this case couples, want to announce their wedding to their peers or friends wholeheartedly however, most of them are not sure how to write a good wedding announcement card, print them and mail to the people they want. When it comes to creating and printing such cards many dozens of questions pops up in the mind of the couples. For instance, what they should write in the card or who they should send the card, etc. Following are some helpful etiquette or tips of writing and sending wedding announcement cards. Wedding Announcement or Invitation Majority of the people wrongly believe that both the invitation and the wedding announcement card are sent to the same people, which is however not true. Basically, announcement cards are meant to send to only those people who you have not invited to your wedding. Invitation cards, on the other hand, are meant to send to those who you want to invite. It is a common sense that why a person should be given a wedding announcement when he/she is already invited to the ceremony. Moreover, unlike invitation cards, an announcement card doesn’t have an RSVP section. Wedding Announcement Card Receiver Many people ignore their coworkers and don’t send them their wedding announcement card, which is not the proper etiquette. If you really respect them but can’t invite them to the wedding, in case if you have limited the occasion to only family or close friends, then you should at least send them the announcement card informing about your wedding. It is also proper etiquette to send the card to those distant relatives who are not able to attend the auspicious occasion of your life. Casual acquaintance may also be given wedding announcement cards. Time to Send the Wedding Announcement Card Given that the invitation card and the wedding announcement card both have different purposes therefore such cards should be sent to the people in different timings. This way the recipient will get the wedding announcement in the right time and will not confuse it with the invitation card. It is also proper etiquette to send the card to the recipient a day before the wedding ceremony. It is advisable to send the card in such timing that the recipient gets the card on the day of wedding. However, in some cases the announcement cards may be sent after the wedding ceremony day. Content of Wedding Announcement Card Given that you don’t want the announcement card look like a wedding invitation card and you don’t want to confuse the recipient therefore do not include specific details about the wedding into the announcement card. These details include the address where the ceremony is being held, the ceremony time, reception location, etc. Just include the date of the ceremony and the bride and groom name to the wedding announcement card.

Top Challenges Faced by Administrative Assistants

Top Challenges Faced by Administrative Assistants Heres the bottom line- great administrative assistants can be effective, invaluable employees in whatever work settings they find themselves in.Why? Because they’re aware of the most common challenges that they’ll likely face at work and come equipped with the tools needed to overcome them. Here are  the 12 challenges that administrative assistants often face.Administrative assistants are no strangers to difficult personalities. From tough bosses to prickly coworkers and touchy clients and everyone in between, good assistants can survive any personality crisis- while great assistants conquer and thrive by using their cool heads and witty charm. Another hurdle is dealing with the perception that this is a low-level position. The truth is, administrative assistants are often experienced, highly capable professionals who sometimes have to fight for the respect they deserve. Just because they are often expected to clean up other people’s messes around the office (a nother challenge), doesn’t mean they’re only capable of throwing out the garbage.Administrative assistants also have to face the perception that they exist to fix any office problem that arises under the sun. Leaky faucet? Broken copier? Roaches in the office kitchen? A great assistant often has to face the fact that their bosses might rely on them for every little thing. This also includes three other hurdles- being expected to know everything- even small details of conversations they aren’t part of, being blamed for anything that goes wrong, and always being expected to be available. A great administrative assistant knows that he or she will likely have to deal with and overcome these hurdles, while showing grace under pressure.Another result of being an indispensible â€Å"go-to† person around the office is the expectation that coworkers and bosses can go to you for help at any time. This means that their privacy is often encroached upon and their desk s are often used freely by all manner of office traffic. These two hurdles can be tough to deal with, but great administrative assistants figure out strategic ways for handling these in stride.When the work piles up, administrative assistants are often expected to roll up their sleeves and do whatever it takes to get the job done.This often means forgoing things like lunch breaks or afternoon stretches. When you’re stuck at your desk, a lack of physical activity can be a real challenge, but a worthy administrative assistant can figure it out. Furthermore, the level of public exposure and involvement administrative assistants often have around the office sometimes means that they’re the butt of office jokes, underappreciated, and underpaid- all tough challenges that great administrative assistants find a way around or through.Get to know these 12 common hurdles, be prepared, overcome them, and be the killer administrative assistant that your boss dreams about.

Effective Communication in the project management perspective Essay

Effective Communication in the project management perspective - Essay Example There are notable consequences of miscommunication on the harmonious operation at the workplace. This calls for amicable avenues strategized to deal with consequences that result from miscommunication at the workplace. Actions taken to solve problems that result from gender difference initiated miscommunication help mitigate the consequences and ensure improved performance of employees in the workplace. Tannen hints out the variation in communication styles between men and women, a factor that spreads to cause effects as miscommunication in the workplace. Communication between men and their male colleagues in the workplace experience a series of difference. Men adopt hierarchal conversations and a time involves mockery, jokes and teasing among colleagues in the workplace (Tannen, 1994). On the contrary, women are keen in their conversations with their female colleagues and take utmost care and sensitivity. They ensure maximum awareness in their conversations with fellow women. In the ir conversations, women are keen to evade possibilities of interpretations that would judge them as assertive, firm or authoritarian. They tend to avoid aggressiveness and aim at remaining feminine in their conversations. ... They feel it is the most appropriate style for use in the workplace as opposed to men’s conversational style (Tannen, 1994). Men, however, view the communication style used by women as attributed to devious and deceitful for purposes as manipulation of ideas and processes. Men view such indirect style of communication used by women as falsehearted and involving dishonesty. There exists a rift between the perception of men and women of the communication styles used by the opposite gender. This acts as a foremost cause of miscommunication at the workplace between men and women. The gender difference affects the view that men and women have on the world. It notably changes the view that women and men have when dealing with different scenarios. Men and women react in different ways to diverse events. Men take life as a competitive space where there is the need to remain at par with the events in the contemporary world setting. They work to evade the consequences of failure and dis appointment in life. They assume a unique form of social order in the society where others are in high ranks while some in low ranks or position. Women, on the contrary, view life to involve a holistic form of co-existence. The miscommunication caused by gender difference at the workplace can have detrimental effects on the performance of employees. Evident consequences that may emanate from such miscommunication include unfair advantage received by a particular gender. Tannen (1994) notes that men receive fair advantages over women in the workplace. In what is referred to as a glass ceiling, women receive little opportunities at the workplace that bars them from rising up to high management and positional levels. A considerable number of professional

Collaboration Systems at Isuzu Australia Limited Case Study

Collaboration Systems at Isuzu Australia Limited - Case Study Example The first step is to look at whether or not the company’s network can handle the increased bandwidth that will be used by the groupware itself; if not, additional steps will need to be taken in order to either upgrade the network that the company is on, or increase the amount of available bandwidth they have by obtaining a second account for company internet, increasing the plan that the company is on, or if the company is not obtaining their internet from a third party, reconfiguring the current network to increase available bandwidth.Once the bandwidth allocations of the network can handle the requirements of the groupware, the next step is to ensure that there is an intranet in place, or if not, to establish one. An intranet is a local or restricted communications network, especially a private network that is created using world wide web software. An intranet will allow for â€Å"a chance to streamline internal communication and collaboration† (Taylor, 1997); it is t hrough the use of the intranet that the groupware can be established across all different branches or locations.Though these are just two of the issues that may be faced with the companywide implementation of groupware, the issues themselves may be quickly resolved in order to ensure the modernization of a well-run company. Many people who use Sharepoint Servers use the terms â€Å"dashboard† and â€Å"scorecard† interchangeably, â€Å"but there is a significant difference between them† (Microsoft 2013)....Though these are just two of the issues that may be faced with the companywide implementation of groupware, the issues themselves may be quickly resolved in order to ensure the modernization of a well-run company. Explain the differences between dashboards and scorecards and propose ways Isuzu Australia Limited could use them Many people who use Sharepoint Servers use the terms â€Å"dashboard† and â€Å"scorecard† interchangeably, â€Å"but the re is a significant difference between them† (Microsoft, 2013). To best understand the differences between the two terms and how they could be best implemented at Isuzu Australia Limited, the terms themselves must be fully understood. A scorecard â€Å"is a type of report that displays a collection of key performance indicators (KPIs) together with performance targets for each KPI†¦it measures performance against goals† (Microsoft, 2013). A dashboard is â€Å"a container for a related group of scorecard and report views that are organized together in a SharePoint site† (Microsoft, 2013). In other words, a dashboard is made up of scorecards, and the scorecards themselves contain the information regarding the organization’s performance at a specific point in time. Isuzu Australia Limited could setup a SharePoint server in order to use the technology, allowing them to create scorecards that show them where they are from a business standpoint in terms of where they want to be. This can track any particular aspect of the business, from employee productivity, progress on a particular project, or even sales and revenue. This will allow Isuzu Australia Limited to be able to see at any given

Assignment Essay Essay Example for Free

Assignment Essay Essay Sustainable tourism is being able to the deliver positive environmental, social, and economical results with thought to the needs of the visitors, host community and surroundings. Sustainability as defined in the Brundtland commission report it states as â€Å"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations to meet their needs†. For example, the small business are starting to practices sustainability principles by changing to renewable energy sources, reducing use of paper and recycling more. As a result, the concept of sustainability addresses the aspects of â€Å"triple bottom line† meaning the balance of societies, economy and the environment are described by (Bonevac, 2010). According to the World Tourism Organization, â€Å"sustainable tourism means meeting the needs of the present tourist and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future†. Instead of just being a product, sustainable tourism is a philosophy that underpins all tourism actions (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? , 2003). To all tourism development and management, it is a fundamental concept instead of being an add-on factor. The foremost aim of sustainable tourism is to maintain the economic and social return of tourism development while reducing or justifying the unattractive impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment (Governemnt, 2009). The stated objectives attained by matching the needs of tourists with those of the destination. Sustainable tourism is an industry, which challenges to make a little impact on the environment and the local culture, though helping to produce income, employment and the preservation of local ecology. Hence, responsible tourism is both cost-effectively and culturally responsive, meaning have minimum impact on the environment and culture of the host community (Group, 2007). Scotland Tourism Organization has defined sustainable tourism as â€Å"tourism committed to generating a low impact on the surrounding environment and community by acting responsibly while generating income and employment for the local economy and aiding social cohesion† (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Scotland Sustainable tourism aspires to guarantee that economic development in terms of encouraging experience for each one involved local community, Tourism Companies and visitors. In practice, sustainable tourism means greener transport, given that transport is innermost to tourism; however it also put pressure on our natural resources and contributes to our worldwide environment impacts. Procedures like cheering visitors to utilize communal transport, and advance in cleaner forms of transport will assist in this area (Organisation v. . , 2013). Regular and environmental strains a more even stretch of visitors lessens pressures on the natural and built environment and on communities, and capitalizes on the financial payback. Scotland Tourism Organization modifies its advertising drive to persuade a stretch of visitors throughout the year and around state (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For example, â€Å"surprise yourself†. There is necessary to work with the public, private and independent sectors to determine the environmental and social impacts of tourism. These guarantees that tourism expansion carries a encouraging experience for home people, tourism companies and the tourist themselves (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Green accommodation is one in that all room offers lessens their misuse, energy and water use. The green Tourism Business Scheme persuades businesses to trim down their environmental impacts. The scheme is one of the largest of its land in Europe with over 800 Scottish members (Organisation v. s. , 2013). However, any tourism industry can take advantage from flattering more sustainable through safeguarding the very features on which tourism depends; taking a sustainable move to tourism expansion is the only way to guarantee long-term tourism expansion in the South Pacific (Organisation v. s. , 2013). The success of tourism in any country depends on taking care of the environmental or social impacts of tourism development. The visitors benefit from sustainable move to tourism throughout from enhanced relates with local communities, a tall value tourism experiences and a natural and fabricated environment. Thus, by fetching a sustainable tourism destination will provide the South Pacific Tourism Businesses a cutthroat frame by producing community assistance for tourism; attaining value savings and designing innovative marketing prospect. As the tourism industry develop in as many regions and countries, it generates noteworthy impact on the consumption pattern, natural resources, pollution and social systems (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For the industry to survive as a whole it is vital to understand and interpret the need sustainable and responsible planning and management. To begin with, education and collaborative partnership are approaches that can assist destinations attain more sustainable tourism. The whole idea of sustainability based on the association through environmental, ecologically and socially responsible tourism. Partnerships with local communities through rural community gathering before and during development are needed in order to let alone the frequent divergence between conservation initiatives and traditional resources users (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). The departments from the government can collaborate with the resource owners to develops and negotiate over the investment on proposal (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). For example, the Chumbe Island Coral Park is a good example of collaborate partnership, which was developed to sustain the natural beauty and attractions of the island (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). Chumbe Island is located in the Indian Ocean channel of the coast of the semi autonomous region of Zanzibar (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). The person responsible for the project on the natural park at Chumbe Island was (David, 2011). During her work life, (David, 2011) experience the need for the conservation and sustaining of the natural flora and fauna. (David, 2011) developed an innovative approach to protect marine conservation combined with tourism development through the sustainable and multilevel partnership approach to promote successful marine park management, awareness of marine conservation and sustainable tourism management. David, 2011) Develop a small marine park that would help consume a unspoiled coral reef, offer environmental education for both the locals and the foreign visitors and generate management fund through authentic ecotourism. Thus, the need for the park at Chumbe Island arose due to improper aid and the government in the country noted conservation programs. Hence, the collaborative partnership arose to sustain the nature conservation of Tanzania for the future (English National Park Authori ties Association, 2009). Secondly, the partnership approach deals with the local communities because they are the essential people who are the resource owners (Governemnt, 2009). Engaging the local community in the environmental education on sustainability through workshops and seminars will increase their concerns for the global issues such as climate change (Clark, 2013). In addition, collaboration with NGO has to hold workshops with the angler’s, to engage them in sustainable fishing practices and conservation of the resources (David, 2011). Thus, the young and the old generation in the area is to be informed about sustainable fishing practices, laws and regulation regarding fishing practices and marine conservation area and the benefits of marine protected areas (Ki-Hoon Ball, 2003). All this environmental awareness, education and training initiative with the community are to provide skill development on sustainable tourism (Group, 2007). The scale of growth of the tourism industry In the South Pacific is rapidly and that the environmental and social, economic impacts of it cannot be overlooked (Azam Sarker, 2011). This has caused the Pacific Region to find ways in which the industries could be made more sustainable. The industry is more sustainable through minimizing resource use and waste production (Othman, 2004). For the sustainability of tourism, water is the major issue for concern. For example, a tourist in a hotels uses on standard one third of more water per day than a local inhabitant uses and put severe restriction on local supply (Othman, 2004). Activities such as golf course, artificial snow ski’ resorts are in demand of water. For small and medium sized business, sustainability thought of an expensive and difficult idea (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). Most of the dominating tourism industries in the South Pacific have not actively engaged in government activities that encourages that adoption of sustainability practices (David, 2011). There are a number of barriers identified by the researchers that hinds implementing sustainability practices in South Pacific tourism businesses including the financial crisis for implementation, the labor insecurity of being certified, lack of government and industry support the technical nature of information forums. Hence are a number of actions businesses could undertake to improve environmental performance (Azam Sarker, 2011). Activities’ relating to efficient resources use and waste management includes minimizing energy consumption, for example using open ventilation instead of air-conditioning and heaters encouraging the use of renewable sources and improved technology also Getting involved in accreditation programs (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? 2003). There is a need to promote and facilitate the reduction, reuse and recycling of materials and water quality including the efficient treatment of sewerage, avoiding discharge into marine and rivers (Organisation, 2005). For example, in Australia the Australian formula 1 ING grand Prix Corporation, which works with environmental packaging and waste recycling partner to minimize the impact of the race on the environment? Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008) Thus, by minimizing waste use, energy use and waste production, businesses can reduce their impact on the environment and achieve cost savings (Ki-Hoon Ball, 2003). Furthermore, the conserving and giving value to natural and cultural heritage is of critical importance’s, in order to enhance the quality of life of local communities through tourism, and connect the people in is scheduling and management (Organisation, 2005). The growing awareness’s and generating direct and indirect support for conservation is the key role played by the tourism industry (Group, 2007). The generation of economic propensity for the tourism industry is to provide with quality natural and cultural heritage (Azam Sarker, 2011). This would ensure the long-term competitiveness, viability and the prosperity of tourism enterprises and destinations and the quality of life of local communities and to the visitor experience by providing a safe, satisfying and fulfilling experience to the visitors available to all without discrimination by gender, race, religion, disability or in other ways (Organisation, 2005). Areas that are of importance to tourism natural and cultural includes the natural landscapes quality and variety, man-made cultural landscapes, heritage and historic sites, the flora and fauna diversity, local uniqueness such as art, crafts, cuisine, language events and festivals (Organisation, 2005). Thus, to address these issues listed above relevant action like being more prepared to use the tourism argument as to fund the prevention of nature and culture and to prevent damaging change (Clark, 2013). Also strengthening the relationship between protected area and local tourism interest, within the context of a sustainable tourism strategy and action plan would lead the South Pacific to be more sustainable (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Sustainable development is holistic in nature; therefore, it requires management of policies and coordination of action between sectors (Othman, 2004). To control the impact of tourism initiated by environmental or developmental strategies and policies legislation and regulations are necessary (Governemnt, 2009). Appropriate strategies or sets of policies for specific aspects of tourism were developed. For example, in Bulgaria the separate strategy for ecotourism, which reflects the sustainability principles? (Bonevac, 2010) This initiative can also be taken by the local Ministry of Environment of Tourism to integrate the strategy in terms of regulations (David, 2011). In coordinating and ensuring success of this specific sub-sector, such regulations and legislations can be very helpful. This can be very helpful in demonstrating processes and formulating policies that could be modified more widely in tourism (Ki-Hoon Ball, 2003). Strategy and policies must be developed and implemented at both local and national level in order to achieve effective result. Most countries in the South Pacific are in the process of decentralizing their political and administrative structures so local decision-making is the vital aspect toward sustainability development (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). An integrated approach to the development and management of tourism is within local destinations, is recognized as the most successful direction to sustainable tourism (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, it is vital for the national and local strategies to be corresponding but these two variable in tourism strategies vary in terms of national tourism strategies relates to the national tourism vision of the overall position and direction (Organisation v. s. , 2013). While local tourism strategies relates to the holistic of the local destinations in areas such as local objectives and priorities, local resource opportunity and constraints and many more (David, 2011). Hence, the identifying of policies and instruments to create the enabling environment for sustainable tourism is more of national strategy while the determining of what happens on ground is more of local strategies (Governemnt, 2009). Both the national and local tourism strategies are required for sustainable tourism to embrace the principles of sustainable development and both strategies are reliable and commonly reinforcing (Othman, 2004). Finally, the command control instrument allows government to exert strict control over certain aspects of development and operation, backed by legislation (Organisation, 2005). Legislation, regulation and licensing are the interdependent tools that can be used to strengthen sustainability by setting out requirements that are compulsory and enforceable and which lead to sanctions and penalties if they not met (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). The process of checking and signaling compliance with regulations or otherwise identified obligatory standards; assigning permission to operate is called licensing (Organisation, 2005). To control aspects of business development and operations and to influence people’s behavior government are in a position to apply laws, regulations and penalties. These legislation and regulations must be applied when the governments believes that it is necessary to do so (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, for regulations to be successful, it has to be relevant, clear, practicable in terms of compliance and capable of being enforced. In order the tourism industry to be more sustainable the laws and legislations should enable and support the sustainability of tourism and give authority to act (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). It should also seek to raise sustainability performance above such standards through other means, which would also stimulate personal commitment towards continual improvement. For example, in the government of Fiji builds up a (EIA) environmental Impact Assessment regulation, which stated that for any company or hotel with an EIA reports in Fiji, has to provide the Fiji Government with an EIA report of the development to progress (Turnbull, 2003). There are a number of areas in which laws and regulations can be implemented to attain more sustainable tourism industry and that includes operation, management and development which are controlled by this legislation to protect the environment, communities, culture and heritage, visitor experience and the business as a whole (Turnbull, 2003). The purpose of government intervention in the sector as law provides a vehicle for underpinning sustainability. These legislations can also provide the basis for enabling the control and licensing of activities specific to the tourism sector and for the undertaking to certain action to support tourism development (Organisation v. s. , 2013). To conclude, sustainable tourism is all about forecasting of long-term, working together examining on results and adaptive to change and the most effective thing is communication to put across the message of sustainable tourism. It is the duty of the private, public and independent sector to acquire leadership role in tackle the challenge of this sector. The degree at which the tourism industry is increasing in the South Pacific forecasts that the environmental and social impacts of tourism cannot be disregarded. Traditionally, a number of sustainable tourism activities has been carried out and is supported by the national Tourism Organization of the South Pacific countries. However, there are a number of challenges that still stay alive and need attention in order to be more sustainable tourism industry, like climate change. In order to tackle these challenges and grip future sustainable opportunities in a harmonized manner, research and development done in these South Pacific countries to handle these issues through sustainable tourism strategy plan. The tourism strategies plans would assist the tourism industry to change unenthusiastic community discernment of the industry and achieve economic benefits through sustainable practices. It believed that it would egg on business to hold sustainable tourism practices in order to meet consumers demand and to improve business performance. Sustainable tourism should be broadcasted and celebrated amongst tourists, host communities and the participants in the industry move the industry toward sustainability. Nevertheless, the commitment to change and improve must be authentic and supported on well-established procedures and actions that is to be achieved.

Language in Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Essays

Language is a very powerful tool. It is a means of basic communication, and has been around for centuries. Just like any other tool, language can be powerful in a positive or negative way, and can either work to one's advantage or can result in negative effects. Certain words can touch a certain chord inside someone, so they can be easily influenced by the language. A good example of this is George Orwell's Animal Farm, a fable in which a multitude of gullible animals are exploited by a group of power mongering pigs. Words can appeal to a persons basic needs and desires and conjure up hope or even fear in his or her mind. These emotions can be manipulated by others to their own advantage, and clever use of language can be used to cheat, deceive, spread rumors. In Animal Farm, Orwell shows how the pig's use of influential language manipulates and enslaves the animals. Through use of language, the pigs appeal to the animals basic hopes and desires of a better life and a better future. They make others work extremely hard, while they themselves rest and unfairly reap most of the benefits of the work. For example, â€Å"Now comrades,... to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honor get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men do.† Later in chapter three, Squealer is sent to justify the pigs selfishness and to convince the animals that the pigs are working in their favor. He said, â€Å"You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples...Milk and apples contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig...the whole management and organization of this farm depend on us.† This how the animals are persuaded to believe almost anything without question. Words that appeal to our fears make us feel vulnerable, and when we feel vulnerable, we are ready to do just about anything to make us feel invulnerable again. In Animal Farm, the animals feel very insecure deep down, but they also are gullible and they do not wish to go against the pigs. For example, Squealer tells them â€Å"Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty?

Management Assignment

Assignment File 1 Assignment 1 Due date: 26 November 2012 Coverage: Units 1–2 Length: The total length of the essay-type questions should not exceed 2,000 words. Those exceeding the upper word limit will be strictly penalized. Question 1 (20 marks) For each of the following ten sub-questions, select the best answer. Each correct answer is worth two marks. 1 Basket Maker uses phone surveys to gather customer feedback about service and quality. This is an example of the management function of ________. A planning B leading C organizing D controlling Paul Chan is the President of WV Railroad. His organization faces issues related to the environment, government regulation, and competition. He will need to rely primarily on his ________. A conceptual skills B technical skills C human skills D controlling skills 3 Which of the following is not an example of a constituency that makes up the specific environment? A customers B socio-cultural factors C suppliers D competitors 2 MGT B24 0 Principles and Practices of Management 4 Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?A It ignored the impact of compensation on performance. B It overemphasized individual differences. C It overemphasized the intelligence of workers. D It ignored the social context of work. 5 Bierderlack has a policy stating that more than three absences in a six-month period shall result in a suspension. Erin, the manager, has just decided to suspend one of her shift employees for violating this policy. This is an example of ________. A a programmed decision B a nonprogrammed decision C an insignificant decision D poor management 6 Kari is a manager at MySize Clothing.Her job is very complex and she feels that she does not have enough time to identify and/or process all the information she needs to make decisions. Kari’s situation is most consistent with which of the following concepts? A bounded rationality B the classical model of decision making C brainstorming D scient ific management 7 Which of the following is an example of a procedure? A Without exception, all employees in customer-facing roles must be formally attired at all times. B Before going on a leave of absence, fill in the application form available on the company’s online leave management system.All applications will be approved/rejected within two days by the employee’s immediate supervisor. C We promote from within, whenever possible. If qualified applicants are available internally, a job posting will be issued by the HR department providing the necessary details about all vacancies. D Employees working with power tools must wear safety glasses at all times. Assignment File 3 8 Sophie is in charge of recruitment at her company. During a particular interview, the first thing Sophie noticed about the applicant was that he was improperly attired.Though the candidate possessed the necessary qualifications and effectively answered all her questions, Sophie rejected him. Th is is an example of the ________. A randomness bias B self-serving bias C anchoring effect D representation bias Read the following scenario and then answer questions 9 to 10: Tom has just been promoted to chief technology officer at his company, Global Tech Solutions, Inc. His first assignment is to identify four project managers in the company who are likely to successfully manage new projects. Tom selects Robert, Frank, Sue, and Jan, who all are recent graduates from a local university.He informs them about a current situation. 9 During a discussion about e-business, Robert tells Tom that he understands that e-business is a comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using ________ in order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. A globalization of the marketplace B innovation and growth C electronic linkages with key constituencies D entrepreneurship and leadership skills 10 Discussing the three categories of e-business was not difficult. Tom simply stated that the three categories included all of the following except ________.A e-business enhanced B e-business enabled C total e-business D cross-sectional e-business 4 MGT B240 Principles and Practices of Management Question 2 (20 marks) a In your own words, explain why the Hawthorne Studies were so critical to management history. (10 marks) Read the following article and then answer the questions below the box: News of Steve Jobs’s death on Wednesday, 5 October 2011 drove the Apple Inc. (Apple) share price down more than 5% on the Frankfurt stock market the following morning. Steve Jobs is Apple’s co-founder and ex-CEO.Jobs was ousted from the company in 1985 and went on to operate a new business, animation studio Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1997. Apple was near bankruptcy then and worth just $2 billion. But then it came up with many innovative and popular products including iPods, iPhones and iPads. Jobs is regarded as the mastermind behind this e mpire of products that revolutionized computing, telephony and the music industry. Apple’s stock price has risen more than 9,000% since Jobs returned in 1997. Tim Cook, who took over as new CEO in August 2011, also ended up being the highest paid CEO in America.Cook’s pay package was valued at more than all of the next nine highest paid CEOs of 2010 combined (in US), at about $356 million. Required: Explain whether the stakeholders of Apple Inc. hold the omnipotent view or the symbolic view of managers’ powers. What negative consequence might result from upholding the particular viewpoint identified from the article? (Hint: Your discussion should draw on relevant information from the article such as the stock performance and the pay package for Jobs’ successor. ) (10 marks) b Question 3 (30 marks) Discuss how a manager can make good use of the relevant knowledge about Hofstede’s national culture framework to better manage workers/subordinates who c ame from: i a high power distance culture; ii a low uncertainty avoidance culture; or iii an individualistic culture. (15 marks) Assignment File 5 b Read the following short article and then answer the questions below the box: On 13 December 2011, Hongkong Electric Ltd and China Light & Power HK Ltd (CLP) announced power-rate increases higher than the rate of inflation. Hongkong Electric said it would raise rates by 6. 3%. CLP presented a 9. % increase, effective 1 January 2012. The size of the increases sparked widespread dissatisfaction in the territory. The Chief Executive, Donald Tsang, urged both power companies to consider their social responsibility and to ensure they don’t cause hardship to the public with their proposed tariff increases. Bowing to public pressure, CLP later lowered its planned increase to 7. 4% by deducting the increase for fuel cost. Required: CLP’s action to reduce its planned tariff hike is most compatible with which of the following ideas? Explain and elaborate your view on each idea. social obligation; ii social responsiveness; or iii social responsibility. (15 marks) Question 4 (30 marks) Read the following case and answer the questions that follow: Case: Out of control With a worldwide recall of some 8 million cars and 51 deaths that US regulators say have been caused by mechanical failures in its cars, Toyota Motor Corporation faces a corporate crisis of epic proportions. What happened at the car company that had finally achieved the title of world’s largest car maker? (It overtook General Motors in 2008. ) What factors contributed to the mess it now found itself in?At the core of Toyota’s manufacturing prowess is the Toyota Production System (TPS), which has long been touted and revered as a model of corporate efficiency and quality. Four management principles (the 4P model) were at the core of TPS and guided employees: problem solving, people and partners, process, and philosophy. The idea behind these principles was that ‘Good Thinking means Good Product. ’ Taiichi Ohno, a longtime Toyota executive, is widely credited as the innovative genius behind TPS. During the 1950s, Ohno, along with a small 6 MGT B240 Principles and Practices of Management ore of other Toyota executives, developed several principles of car-making efficiency that became what is now known as lean manufacturing and just-in-time inventory management. ‘Ohno’s ideas not only changed the auto industry, they changed latetwentieth-century manufacturing. ’ At the very core of these concepts were attention to detail and a ‘noble frugality. ’ However, over the years, it appears that Toyota’s executives slowly lost the ‘purity’ of that approach as the once-strong commitment to quality embedded in Toyota’s corporate culture became lost in its aggressive moves to grow market share and achieve productivity gains.From about 1995 to 2009, Toyota e mbarked on the ‘most aggressive overseas expansions in automotive history’ and at the same time had a laser-like unparalleled focus on cutting costs. Four major cost-cutting and expansion initiatives severely strained organizational processes and employees. One initiative was localized manufacturing. Started in the late 1990s, Toyota established manufacturing hubs in Asia, North America, and Europe. Such an approach meant relying more on local suppliers and design teams to tailor cars to local tastes.Another initiative was called Construction of Cost Competitiveness for the 21st Century, or CCC21. It was a massive cost reduction program. Through an ongoing process of redesigning parts and working with suppliers, more than $10 billion of savings were achieved. The Value Innovation initiative was a more ambitious version of CCC21. Under this program, more savings were achieved by making the entire development process cheaper and by further cutting parts and production cos ts.And finally, the Global 15 initiative was a master global plan for attaining a 15% share of the global car market by 2010. As of mid-2010, Toyota had an 11. 7% share of the worldwide car market. However, this ‘combination of high-speed global growth and ambitious cost cuts led to the quality lapses that tarnished the once-mighty brand. ’ Toyota’s president, Akio Toyoda apologized for the company’s actions and said, ‘We pursued growth over the speed at which we were able to develop our people and our organization.I regret that this has resulted in the safety issues described in the recalls we face today, and I am deeply sorry for any accidents that Toyota drivers have experienced. ’ So what is Toyota doing to remedy its problems? In addition to the massive recall, the company’s president says that it is setting up a system to respond more quickly to complaints. In fact, the automaker has promised to give regional executives a bigger r ole in issuing recalls based on local consumer complaints, although Mr Toyoda says that the final decisions regarding recalls with continue to be made in Japan.The company is also holding twiceyearly global quality meetings and more frequent regional quality meetings. And finally, the company is re-committing itself to better training employees in quality control. Assignment File 7 Required: a Using the seven dimensions of organizational culture (Exhibit 2. 5 of your textbook) and information from the case, describe the culture at Toyota Motor Corporation. Why do you think this type of culture might be important to a car maker? 8 marks) How do you think a long-standing culture that had such a strong commitment to quality lost its ability to influence employee behaviours and actions? What lesson can be learned about organizational culture from this? Explain. (8 marks) Taking the company’s stakeholders into consideration, do you think it was important for Mr Toyoda to apologize for the company’s decisions? Why? (6 marks) What could other organizations learn from Toyota’s experiences about the importance of organizational culture? (8 marks) b c d Source: Robbins, S P and Coulter, M, Management, 11th edn, 93–94. Related article: Time Management – Work File Management Assignment Content 1. Introduction 1. 1) About Herbalife 1. 2) Mission of Herbalife 1. 3) Herbalife Way 1. Macro Environmental Factors 2. 4) Political/Legal Forces 2. 5) Economic Condition 2. 6) Social/Cultural Environment 2. 7) Technology Changes 2. Micro Environmental Factors 3. 8) Customer 3. 9) Intensity of rivalry among competitor 3. Four Management Functions that affects the economy 4. 10) Planning 4. 11) Organizing 4. 12) Leading 4. 13) Controlling 4. Conclusion 5. Recommendation 1. Introduction 1. 1) About Herbalife Herbalife is a global nutrition, weight management and skin care company.It runs the business in 84 countries (As July 2011) and distributes the products by approx. 2. 7 million independent distributors. Herbalife recorded 5. 4 billion USD in retail sales in 2011 that surpassing Mark Hughes’s (founder of Herbalife) vision of 5 billion USD. This company was founded by Mark Hughes in July 1980. (cited from Herbalife History) 1. 2) Mission of Herbalife To change peopleâ €™s lifestyles by providing the best business opportunity in direct selling and the best nutrition and weight-management products in the world. (cited from Herbalife Mission) 1. 3) Herbalife WayHerbalife penetrates the market by sponsoring world-class athletes, teams, events around the global such as Lionel Messi, FC Barcelona soccer clubs, 2011 World Football Challenge and champions in more than 15 other sports. (Cited from Herbalife Sponsorship) Herbalife adopted multi-level marketing to distribute their products from independent distributors. 2. Macro Environmental Factors There are many environmental factors that affect the business. Among these factors, we can categorize into two segment- internal and external factors or micro and macro environmental factors.In external or macro environmental factors, following are contains: political/legal forces of the Government, social/cultural environment, economic condition and the technology changes. From the above factors, I want to discuss 4 factors. 2. 1) Political/Legal Forces Political forces are a kind of laws and regulation. This is the level of the government what and how intervenes in the economy. For example, tax policy, tariffs, environmental law, trade restrictions, labor law and what goods and services are provided by the government and what are not and so on. And then the infrastructure of the business and how affect to the health of nation.Laws and regulations are always changing and complex in the economy. For Herbalife, some products cannot import to Singapore because of the law. In this condition, Herbalife should try to discover in another way to export to Singapore that accept from the Singapore Government such produce the product in different way or scrutiny the way of production to get the same effect. 2. 2) Economic condition Economic condition can affect to the company. Economic condition contains economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation rates and taxation rates. The no ticeable thing is exchange rates.For Herbalife, it is base in US and run the business in above 80 countries. So, Herbalife always deal with exchange rate. Normally, exchange rates are always fluctuating. All countries are also using their own currency. When local currencies devalue in exchange market, this will be a problem. As the prices of the products are fix, the profit will be reduced than original expect. 2. 3) Social/Cultural Environment It is the social aspect or cultural aspect such as health awareness, population growth rates, education, trends, lifestyle changes, attitudes to work, safety, age distribution, leisure activities, career attitude and so on.For example in Singapore, most of senior people willing to work and earn money. Most of companies and organization desire to recruit young and active people. Herbalife reduce this problem by recruiting senior people. In this way, Herbalife penetrates within senior people market. 2. 4) Technology Changes Technological factor also can decide the company profit and standing the company in the business. This factor encloses research and development activities, automation, and technology incentives and so on. It can define the barrier of entry to the market, efficient level of production, outsourcing decision.For Herbalife, they have Nobel laureates to do research their products in their own labs. Herbalife always pressed in Time magazine and magazines in US but they never press and advertise in Singapore. To penetrate Singapore market, they should advertise and press in Singapore’s magazines and newspapers. 3. Micro Environmental factors Internal or micro environmental factors include Poter’s Five forces- bargaining Power of consumers, barging power of suppliers, threat of substitution, intensity of rivalry owing competitor, threat of new entrants. Among them, I want to discuss the following. 3. ) Customers Customers are one of powerful things in the business. They want the highest quality a nd the lowest price. Bargaining power of the customer mean that more than negotiation of the price and broader meaning than that. Customer’s words also helpful and work for the company. Once they satisfy with the products or service, they advise other people to use the product. For Herbalife, customer service needs to be better. They very take care the new customers but not very much to the old one. This fact must be aware because the new or the old both are important for the company. 3. 2) Intensity of ivalry among competitors In earlier economic, rivalry makes the company profit to zero. Today, rivalry makes improve the quality and profit. In business, if competitors produce the same products, the company can learn from the competitor and even can produce better quality of the products. In that condition, the company no needs to introduce the product and only need to advertise and think about how to penetrate and how to get more market shares percentage. 4. Four Management Functions that effect to company There are four main functions which are necessary and essential to be an efficient and effective company.These functions are planning or strategizing, organizing, leading and controlling. 4. 1) Planning It is the first step of the management functions. It comprises three stages of setting the objectives, deciding the action and achieving the goal. There has three kinds of planning which are strategic action plan, tactical action plan and operational action plan. In every action plan of this step, the most important thing is knowing SWOT – strength, weakness, opportunities and threat. As Herbalife, they should analyze these things to be a successful company. For Herbalife, their strength is the products.Herbalife products are very effective and base on the natural things therefore can rely on these products. There are two weaknesses in Herbalife. The first one is that the retail price is expensive for normal-income people and the second one is outsider cannot buy the products without person, who introduces the products as Herbalife term, consultant or sponsor. So everyone cannot buy everywhere. As Herbalife use multi-level marketing, there is no up-front cost, everyone can find part time or full time jobs as sale representatives and make profit themselves.This fact can attract the people to join and participate to Herbalife. In this way, Herbalife expands day by day. There are so many positions or steps in Herbalife such as consultants, supervisor, world team, millionaire team etc. Everyone cannot get these positions. For example, Herbalife does not run the business in Myanmar. So, Myanmar people cannot get this kind of position except from PR. This can affect on motivation of the staffs or employees. 4. 2) Organizing The second step of management functions is organizing.Depending on how the company organizes the resources (such as human resources, financial resources, data from the market and technology from the technici ans) decide the standing of the company in the business and the company profit. Some companies do not set the specific jobs for example, managers do chaos, office staff are fixing machinery broke, and employees are chatting and fighting each other in office hour. In this condition, managers and senior managers can reduce this kind of problems by setting rules and regulations and the responsibilities and prepare the work schedule.The second thing is the time. Most of managers do everything and not sufficient time. Managers can solve this problem by delegation. After that, most companies face with budgeting problems. Managers want to do so many things consequently; they have not sufficient finance in later. These things are making to failure organization. In Herbalife, all stake holders are doing their respective works and always setting rules and regulations and all of the stakeholders must follow. And then, Managers have authority to do and distributors are also as their respective ways.Financial of the company are always growth because of the independent distributors. 4. 3) Leading The third one is leading. It concerns about human resources or employees. According to Gomez-Mejia and Balkin (2012) P. 30, it consists of energizing and motivating the employees, leading or guiding the subordinate to achieve the organizational goal. Not all employees are always motivated. To be an effective business, all employees and subordinates must be motivated and active and the managers are responsible to that.Firstly, manager let the employees know and clear the organization and then motivate to the employees will be the good result such as public Employee of the Month, Employee of the Year, Recognition letter etc. In Herbalife, they have training every month and motivate the people by incentive such as promoting, awarding, increasing the volume point, vacation to worldwide and so on. The bad thing for Herbalife is charge for the training. If he or she wants to attend the t raining he or she must be pay the training fees. 4. 4) Controlling The last step of management function is controlling.It means that monitoring the performance standard. In this step, there are three steps; firstly setting the performance standard, secondly comparing the actual performance to the standard performance and the last is correcting the actual performance to achieve the standard performance. In performance, there are so many factors such as quality performance, customer service performance, and financial performance and so on. To be a successful company in the business, managers should be scrutiny their subordinate and the company performance.In Herbalife, they set the target that how much net sale to be for the coming year. If distributors sales the product surplus, company appreciate and award to the distributors. This is the correcting and performing to achieve the standard performance. Controlling does not mean for only one time. If the companies overcome the standard performance once, set the next standard performance. Most of company looks only for the profit. This makes company to meet failure. Actually, if company meets with the target budget once, look other field to get success such as customer service and so on.Because customer satisfaction is very important for the business in market. 5. Conclusion As I mention from the above, Herbalife is weight-management products and skin-care Company. Today is good time to run the business for Herbalife because fast food outlets are more and more open and changing people eating style from family home dinner to outside food. So people getting unhealthy and obesity rate is very high than the earlier. Time and circumstances are good. For second point of my view, they already expand and popular in above 80 countries.The more expand the business, the more problems will appear. So the company should always test and check their products and emphasize on customer service. Although the product is very good, t he business will fail when customer service is not good quality. The third point is all of the employees, distributors, consultants, and supervisors are very proud to talk about their products. They love very much their company and the founder Mark Hughes. All of them are always motivate and unity. This is one of the ways to be a successful company in business. These are good points of Herbalife.On the other hand, not everybody knows Herbalife products. Only few people know. So, they should do advertise and make people to know their products. 6. Recommendation I can surely approximate that Herbalife will get success in near or further future because people in nowadays want to be slim, looking good, healthy, beauty and earn more money. This company produces weight management products, medicine to prevent diseases such as heart disease, liver disease, cancer, diabetes, stomach ache and so on. For unhealthy or desire to slim person, they will use the products.To earn money, Herbalife c an do as full time or part time distributor or consultant. Their skin-care products are made from aloe vera and natural herbs and things do not put chemical into the products. So their skin care are reliable and there is no side effects. On the other hand, Herbalife products cannot buy in everywhere and anytime. Some products cannot import to Singapore. There are very few Public image in Asian country for example, Singapore. There is no press in Singapore’s magazines or newspapers from the established year of last 9 year ago. There have to pay money for training classes.From my point of view, these things should be shifting to effective ways. They can expand more and more but still need to find out the more effective ways. References http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Environment-Factor/887124 Environment factor http://wiki. answers. com/Q/List_macro-environmental_factors List macro-environmental factor http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20100528065638AAQ6Wyo What a re the environmental factors affecting business and the impact of the environment factors affecting it? http://www. quickmba. com/strategy/porter. shtml Rivalry http://www. oup. om/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12. htm PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment http://www. enotes. com/business/q-and-a/among-planning-organising-leading-controlling-polc-123875/ among planning, organizing, leading and controlling (POLC) what are the two most important process and why? (according to me its planning and leading) http://www. articlegeek. com/business/marketing/pros_and_cons_of_mlm. htm https://new. edu/resources/managing-the-international-business-with-the-p-o-l-c-framework Controlling Books Management People / Performance / Change Gomez-Mejia. Balkin